Advances in internal mammary lymph node radiotherapy for breast cancer / 医学研究生学报

Breast cancer is currently among the most frequently occurring malignant tumors in female patients, with more than one million female patients suffering from breast cancer worldwide each year. Postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer treatment is an important treatment option for patients with early breast cancer, which could significantly reduce the mortality and recurrence rate of breast cancer patients. Intramammary lymph node irradiation after radical mastectomy could improve the survival of patients with early breast cancer is currently be of controversy. This study mainly reviews the research progress of internal mammary lymph node radiotherapy, including the techniques, dose selection, survival, and adverse reaction-related reports.

Two radiotherapeutic techniques after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer: A dosimetric study / 医学研究生学报

Objective The aim of this study was to search for a better individualized clinical radiotherapy scheme for breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy by comparing the dosimetric data on the radiotherapeutic techniques of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods This retrospective study included 77 cases of breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy in Hebei General Hospital from November 2015 to February 2019. According to the radiotherapeutic techniques used, we divided the patients into a 3D-CRT (n = 54) and a VMAT group (n = 23), Using the dose-volume histogram, we evaluated the dose parameters of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the organs at risk (OAR). Results Compared with the patients in the 3D-CRT group, those in the VMAT group showed significantly decreased V110% ([12.14 ± 14.03]% vs [7.18 ± 6.36]%, P < 0.05), increased conformity index (0.62 ± 0.11 vs 0.66 ± 0.09, P < 0.05), reduced ipsilateral lung dose ([1308.42 ± 276.49] vs [1114.34 ± 233.71] cGy, P < 0.05), V5 (P < 0.05) and V10 (P < 0.05), and elevated contralateral breast dose (P < 0.05) and V5 in those with left breast cancer ([63.49 ± 17.49]% vs [76.97 ± 11.81]%, P = 0.028). Conclusion VMAT can effectively reduce the average dose and the dose in the low-dose area of the ipsilateral lung of the breast cancer patient after modified radical mastectomy. VMAT and 3D-CRT each have its own advantages for specific patients.

Clinical observation of phacoemulsification and IOL combined with goniosynechialysis for age-related cataract merging with PACG / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the curative effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of age-related cataract merging with primary angle-closure glaucoma ( PACG) . · METHODS: Totally 80 patients with age-related cataract merging with PACG were in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. The preoperative average intraocular pressure ( IOP) was 33. 22 ± 3. 17mmHg; the average depth of anterior chamber was 2. 07 ± 0. 15mm;the dynamic situation of primary angle closure ≤1/2 cycle by gonioscope. They were randomly divided into Group A and B for doing a study. All the two groups were treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. And the Group A was with goniosynechialysis. The following up period was 2mo, and we observed the IOP, chamber depth and the anterior chamber angle. · RESULTS: The change of chamber depth and intraocular pressure about the two groups: the average intraocular pressure of the Group A was 15. 11 ± 3. 67mmHg,the chamber depth was 3. 11±0. 08mm;those of the Group B were 17. 24 ± 1. 67mmHg, 2. 76 ± 0. 15mm respectively; the differences had statistical significance (P<0. 05). Postoperatively, there were 28 eyes (70%) in Group A with fully open anterior chamber angle, and 18 eyes (45%) in Group B (P<0. 05). · CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of age-related cataract merging with primary angle-dosure glaucoma is safe and reliable. It's simple to operate, and do not increase the risk of surgery.

Dual regulation by delta opioid receptor agonists on the delayed rectified potassium channels in NG108-15 cells / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dual effects by the delta opioid receptor agonists DPDPE on the delayed rectified potassium channels in NG108-15 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A series of outward currents were evoked in NG108-15 cells by depolarizing voltage from -50 mV to +80 mV at holding potential of -90 mV. These currents were delayed rectified potassium currents. Relatively selected delta opioid receptor agonists DPDPE of higher and lower concentrations were used to modulate the delayed rectified K+ current in NG108-15 cells. Opioid receptor antagonist Naloxone (NAL) and relatively selected delta opioid receptor antagonist Naltrindole (NTI) were used in the present experiments for the characterization of the actions of opioid receptors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relatively higher concentrations of delta opioid receptor agonist DPDPE (> or = 10(-6) mol/L) significantly increased the amplitude of the delayed rectified K+ current. On the contrary, the relatively lower concentrations of DPDPE (< or = 10(-12) mol/L) decreased the amplitude of the delayed rectified K+ current (P < 0.05). Furthermore both the increase and decrease were time-dependent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>delta opioid receptor agonist has dual regulatory effects on the delayed rectified potassium channels in NG108-15 cells.</p>

Effect of G protein in the dual regulation of opioid receptor agonist on the delayed rectified potassium channels / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the role of G protein in the dual regulation of opioid receptor agonist on the delayed rectified potassium channels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques applied to NG108-15 cells, investigate the effect of opioid receptor agonist on the delayed rectified potassium channels by administration of Guanosine-5'-0'-2-thiociphosphate (GDP beta S), Pertusis Toxin (PTX), Tetroacetic acid nueleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and Adenosine-3' 5' cyclic monophosphate cAMP in the pipette solution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) GDP beta S could block the changes induced by both high and low concentration of (D-Pen2.5)-enkephalin (DPDPE) (P < 0.05). (2) PTX could inhibit the excitative regulation on K+ channel by high concentration of DPDPE (P < 0.05). But CTX had no effect on K+ channel caused by DPDPE. (3) UDP could block the excitative effect of K+ channel by high concentration of NDPK, while have no changes on the inhibitory effect caused by low concentration of opioid agonists. (4) cAMP took part in the regulation in high concentration of agonist administration (P < 0.05), while no changes for low concentration of agonists.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dual changes were observed on delayed rectifier potassium channel by agonist treatment on NG108-15 cells. The excitative effect was Gi/o coupled in high concentration of agonist incubation, related to cAMP. While the inhibitory effect was possibly induced by G protein beta gamma subunit directly.</p>